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These are the values you should use in the Post-Resize Sharpening tool. Zoom to 100 (1:1) and tweak the Sharpening tools parameters until you get a result that satisfies you. The present meta-analysis provides quantitative estimates on clinical potency of individual PPIs that may be helpful when switching between PPIs and for assessing the cost-effectiveness of specific PPIs. Open that saved TIFF in RawTherapee, apply the Neutral processing profile if that wasnt done automatically, and enable the Sharpening tool in the Detail tab. Compared with healthy volunteers, patients with GERD needed a 1.9-fold higher dose and Helicobacter pylori-positive individuals needed only about 20% of the dose to achieve a given increase in mean 24-h intragastric pH. Based on the mean 24-h gastric pH, the relative potencies of the five PPIs compared to omeprazole were 0.23, 0.90, 1.00, 1.60, and 1.82 for pantoprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, esomeprazole, and rabeprazole, respectively. The dose-effect relationships for mean 24-h intragastric pH and for percentage of time with pH > 4 in 24 h were analyzed for each PPI using pharmacodynamic modeling with NONMEM and a model integrating all available data.įifty-seven studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Select/highlight the picture you want to reduce the size of 3. Resize a picture using Microsoft Picture Manager. Studies included were restricted to those targeting the Caucasian population, and healthy volunteers or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients. Answer (1 of 4): Resize your pictures with Microsoft Picture Manager 1. Here we derived PPI dose equivalents based on a comprehensive assessment of dose-dependent effects on intragastric pH.Īll available clinical studies reporting the effects of PPIs on mean 24-h intragastric pH were sought from electronic databases including Medline. Most available trials have compared the different PPIs at one or a few selected specific dosages, making it difficult to derive quantitative equivalence dosages. Comparative potency of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) is an important clinical issue.